Significant progress has recently been made in several key areas of solid-state battery research, particularly in electrolyte materials, interface engineering, and fast-charging technologies.
Chlorine-Iodine Composite Sulfide Electrolyte: Beijing Easpring successfully developed a chlorine-iodine composite sulfide solid electrolyte. By incorporating iodine into the sulfide system, this innovation effectively addresses the poor interface compatibility and humidity sensitivity of traditional sulfide electrolytes. While ensuring high ionic conductivity, the controllable adjustment of micro-nano particle sizes makes large-scale manufacturing more feasible.
Three-Dimensional High-Speed Percolation Network Composite Electrolyte: Researchers developed a high-throughput three-dimensional percolation composite polymer electrolyte (P-CPE) based on in-situ polymerized localized high-concentration gel electrolyte and a self-supporting porous LATP skeleton. This design achieved an ultra-high conductivity of 1.36×10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ and a LiF-rich interface layer, enabling the critical current density (CCD) of lithium symmetric batteries to break through 4.5 mA cm⁻².
Imidazole-Based Ionized COF Nanofiber Skeleton Gel Electrolyte: A team from Donghua University and Xi'an Jiaotong University developed this new electrolyte, which possesses a dual capability of balanced desolvation and dissociation. It boasts an ionic conductivity as high as 1.95 mS cm⁻¹ and a lithium-ion migration number increased to 0.74. Batteries using this electrolyte retained 83.2% of their initial capacity after 300 cycles at a high rate of 5C.
The solid-solid interface issue in sulfide all-solid-state batteries has long been a technical challenge. In the first half of 2025, several companies reduced the required solid-solid interface pressure from the megapascal level to the kilopascal level by compounding sulfides with other materials, overcoming a core technical barrier for vehicle application. This breakthrough has significantly boosted industry chain confidence, with small-scale installation expected around 2027-2028.
The industrialization of solid-state batteries is clearly accelerating. Several companies have achieved mass production of semi-solid-state batteries and are actively advancing the research, development, and pilot production of all-solid-state batteries.
The following table outlines the layout and progress of major companies in the solid-state battery field:
| Company Name | Technology Path/Layout | Latest Progress | Target Application Areas |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zhuhai CosMX | Semi-solid-state batteries have begun mass production and shipment. | ||
| Gotion High-tech | The first all-solid-state battery pilot line has been officially completed, with a yield rate of 90%. | ||
| EVE Energy | The "Longquan II" 10Ah all-solid-state battery has been launched, with an energy density of 300Wh/kg; the Solid-State Battery Research Institute's Chengdu mass production base was inaugurated, with an annual capacity of nearly 500,000 cells. | Humanoid robots, low-altitude aircraft, and other high-end equipment applications | |
| Farasis Energy | Advancing both oxide/polymer composite systems and sulfide technology paths in parallel | Completed sampling of the first-generation sulfide all-solid-state battery and finished development of the second-generation technology, increasing energy density to 500Wh/kg. | |
| SVOLT | Completed development of the first-generation 270Wh/kg prismatic cell; built a 2.3GWh semi-solid-state battery production line, starting mass production and delivery in November; plans to complete 10Ah-level all-solid-state cell system development by year-end, achieving 400Wh/kg energy density. | High-end automotive sector and emerging fields like low-altitude aircraft and humanoid robots | |
| Qing Tao Energy | |||
| ProLogium Technology | |||
| Ganfeng Lithium | |||
| Easpring | Developed chlorine-iodine composite sulfide solid electrolyte; simultaneously developing ultra-high nickel multi-element materials and ultra-high capacity lithium-rich manganese-based materials dedicated for sulfide all-solid-state batteries. | Solid electrolytes have achieved stable preparation and large-scale supply capability; cathode materials have achieved 10-ton level batch supply. | |
| Ronbay Technology | Both high-nickel and ultra-high-nickel all-solid-state cathode materials have achieved ton-level shipment; developing high-energy-density lithium-rich manganese-based materials. | Lithium-rich manganese-based materials have achieved hundred-kilogram level shipments and received bulk orders; the sulfide electrolyte pilot line is being accelerated, expected to be completed in Q4 2025 and begin volume production in early 2026. | |
| Tinci Materials | Mainly focusing on sulfide and oxide solid electrolyte routes | The sulfide route solid electrolyte is in the pilot stage. | |
| BTR New Material | Developed the industry's first lithium-carbon composite anode material compatible with all-solid-state batteries. | ||
| Wuxi Lead Intelligent | Successfully integrated the entire process for mass production of all-solid-state batteries; the production line products can flexibly adapt to various electrolyte material systems including polymer, oxide, and sulfide. | Became one of the few global companies with the capability to deliver complete all-solid-state battery production line equipment. |
As the solid-state battery industry develops, standard formulation and policy support are also accelerating, laying the foundation for healthy industrial growth.
Standard System Construction: In May 2025, the China Society of Automotive Engineers released the group standard "All-Solid-State Battery Determination Method," which for the first time clearly defined an "all-solid-state battery" as requiring ion transfer entirely through a solid electrolyte. On September 10-11, the China Society of Automotive Engineers held a review meeting in Beijing for 10 group standards including the "Assembly Method for Mold Batteries Used in Solid-State Battery Material Evaluation," and initiated 5 new standard projects including the "Evaluation Method for Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Production in Sulfide All-Solid-State Batteries," further advancing the standardization and normalization of the solid-state battery industry.
Policy Support: The "Key Points of Automotive Standardization Work in 2025" issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) in April 2025 proposed accelerating the development of standards for all-solid-state batteries and in-service inspection of power batteries. On September 4, the MIIT and the State Administration for Market Regulation jointly issued the "Action Plan for Steady Growth in the Electronic Information Manufacturing Industry from 2025 to 2030," supporting basic research on cutting-edge technologies such as all-solid-state batteries. Local governments have also introduced policies supporting the solid-state battery industry. For example, Zhuhai City released the "Zhuhai City Action Plan for Promoting the Development of the Solid-State Battery Industry (2025-2030)," outlining goals to form an industrial cluster by 2027 and achieve batch delivery by 2030.
The commercialization of solid-state batteries will follow a gradual development path, with different timelines for adoption across various application scenarios.
Electric Vehicles: Semi-solid-state batteries have begun to be installed in vehicles. For instance, the SAIC-owned MG4 semi-solid-state Anxin version is priced in the 100,000 yuan range. Dongfeng Motor Group is developing new composite electrolyte semi-solid-state batteries based on oxides and polymers, with a current cycle life of 1200 cycles, having passed a 170℃ thermal safety test.
Low-Altitude Economy & Aerospace: Due to extremely high safety requirements and relatively higher cost tolerance, low-altitude aircraft are expected to be among the first fields for the commercial application of all-solid-state batteries. SVOLT has received a semi-solid-state battery project定点 from a central government-owned eVTOL manufacturer.
Energy Storage Systems: Semi-solid-state batteries also have application prospects in the energy storage field, especially in scenarios requiring high safety.
Despite significant technological progress, achieving large-scale commercialization of solid-state batteries still faces multiple challenges:
Cost Issues: The current cost of all-solid-state batteries is much higher than that of liquid batteries. Yang Hongxin, Chairman of SVOLT, pointed out that even in two to three years, the cost of all-solid-state batteries might still be 5-10 times that of liquid batteries. The cost of lithium sulfide is one of the key factors affecting the overall cost. According to GGII, reducing the cost of lithium sulfide to 500,000 yuan/ton is a critical inflection point for industrialization. At that point, the cost of sulfide electrolyte is expected to drop to around 300,000 yuan/ton, and the cost of all-solid-state cells could also decrease to 0.6 yuan/Wh.
Mass Production Process and Yield Rate: The production process for all-solid-state batteries has high technical barriers and requires specialized equipment. The core bottleneck of the dry electrode process lies in consistency control. While small-scale production lines have passed the laboratory stage, mass production remains challenging. Although Gotion High-tech announced a 90% yield rate on its pilot line, achieving stable yield control for mass production still requires solving stability issues.
Technology Path Not Yet Unified: Currently, multiple electrolyte routes exist for solid-state batteries, including sulfide, oxide, and polymer, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The sulfide route offers high ionic conductivity but is sensitive to humidity and has poor stability; the oxide route has lower ionic conductivity; the polymer route suffers from low room-temperature ionic conductivity. In the future, a situation with multiple routes coexisting for different application scenarios is likely.
Looking ahead, the industry generally believes that solid-state batteries will develop progressively along the path of semi-solid → quasi-solid → all-solid. Small-scale installation trials are expected by the end of 2025, widespread installation trials from 2026-2027, and global shipments of solid-state batteries are projected to reach 614GWh by 2030, with all-solid-state batteries accounting for nearly 30%.
In summary, solid-state battery technology is in a critical stage of moving from the laboratory to industrialization. Although the current cost and mass production processes for all-solid-state batteries remain challenging, rapid technological advancements and active industrial布局 give us reason to believe that solid-state batteries will gradually achieve commercial application in the coming years, bringing revolutionary changes to fields such as new energy vehicles, the low-altitude economy, and energy storage.
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